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Health experts are examining reports that the monkeypox virus may be transmitted through semen, as cases spread, particularly within sexual networks.

The World Health Organisation (WHO) has announced it is investigating the possibility that monkeypox could be transmitted through sexual contact, following reports that viral DNA has been detected in the semen of patients. Health officials confirmed on Wednesday that they are studying these new findings to understand if sexual transmission could be a factor in the current outbreak, which is largely concentrated in Europe.

The latest reports, which include findings from patients in Italy and Germany, suggest that the virus may be present in the semen of some individuals infected with monkeypox. A laboratory test from one of these cases indicated that the virus in the semen could potentially infect another person. This development has raised concerns, though the WHO has stressed that the primary mode of transmission remains close skin-to-skin contact.

Catherine Smallwood, the WHO’s monkeypox incident manager in Europe, cautioned that while the presence of the virus in semen is being studied, it is not yet clear whether it signifies sexual transmission. She emphasised that the most common route of transmission continues to be physical contact with an infected person’s skin, and this remains the focal point of the ongoing investigation.

The outbreak, which has spread to over 30 countries, has seen more than 1,600 confirmed cases globally. In the UK alone, over 500 cases have been recorded, primarily among men who have sex with men. The WHO’s findings suggest that the virus is primarily transmitted through close interpersonal contact, including sexual activity, though not exclusively.

In response to the escalating situation, the WHO has recommended targeted vaccination for close contacts of confirmed cases, including healthcare workers, but has also urged against the stockpiling of vaccines. Hans Kluge, WHO’s regional director for Europe, cautioned against a “me-first” mentality, stating that it could have long-term detrimental effects and urged governments to prioritise equity in their responses.

Amidst growing concern over the virus’s spread, the WHO is also working to rename monkeypox. The name change comes after a group of 30 scientists called for a non-stigmatising and non-discriminatory term, pointing out that the current name, which references Africa, is both misleading and unfairly links the disease to the continent. One suggestion being considered is the name hMPXV.

While there have been no deaths reported in this current outbreak, experts have warned that in regions where monkeypox is endemic, fatalities are unfortunately common. The WHO continues to monitor the situation closely as the outbreak evolves.

The ongoing investigation into the potential sexual transmission of the virus will be crucial in shaping public health policies and responses to future outbreaks. For now, health officials are urging people to remain cautious and continue to follow preventive measures to contain the spread of monkeypox.

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