Groundbreaking Study Shows How Combining Genetic Data with Clinical Information Can Revolutionise Cancer Care

A revolutionary approach to cancer care, combining whole-genome sequencing with clinical health data, has shown potential to provide patients with more personalised treatments, according to scientists. This breakthrough has been hailed as a transformative shift for cancer care in the NHS.

In the largest study of its kind, researchers discovered that by integrating detailed genomic information—obtained through whole-genome sequencing—with a patient’s medical history, clinicians could tailor treatments more precisely to the individual’s needs.

The study focused on over 13,000 cancer patients with more than 30 different types of solid tumours over a five-year span. The results revealed that genetic changes in more than 90% of brain cancers, as well as over half of lung and colon cancers, could significantly influence treatment decisions, including surgical options and drug therapies. Additionally, inherited genetic risks were identified in more than 10% of ovarian cancer cases, providing key insights for patient care.

Professor Sir Mark Caulfield from Queen Mary University of London stated, “This study demonstrates how we can move away from a ‘one size fits all’ approach and into precision healthcare, by identifying genomic signatures that predict treatment responses, which could lead to the broader adoption of whole-genome sequencing in cancer care.”

The research, published in Nature Medicine, further supports the growing use of genomic testing in cancer care, a practice already available in the NHS for certain rare diseases and childhood cancers. The long-term plan for the NHS aims to expand genomic medicine services across the country.

The study formed part of the 100,000 Genomes Project, a groundbreaking initiative aimed at sequencing the genomes of 100,000 individuals, including cancer patients and those with rare diseases. Whole-genome sequencing involves analysing the entire genome, focusing on changes in genes related to cancer, and comparing the genetic make-up of a patient’s tumour with that of their healthy cells.

By identifying specific genetic mutations, researchers were able to connect them to survival rates, providing valuable information on the likely outcomes of treatments. As the cost of genomic testing continues to decrease, its integration into mainstream cancer care is expected to grow.

Dr Nirupa Murugaesu from Genomics England emphasised the importance of this study as a significant milestone in genomic medicine. “This research shows how cancer genomics can be effectively integrated into national healthcare systems, offering real benefits to patients by helping clinicians predict outcomes and personalise treatments,” she said.

Health Minister Andrew Stephenson remarked, “This pioneering research showcases the power of genomics to revolutionise cancer care. By providing tailored treatments, it promises to improve diagnosis and patient outcomes. We are committed to harnessing this innovation to establish the UK as a global leader in life sciences.”

The study’s findings are poised to shape the future of cancer treatment, offering new hope for patients and making personalised, targeted therapies a reality across the NHS.