Liangzhu, the “Venice of the Stone Age,” fell after unprecedented rains overwhelmed its advanced water systems

A new study reveals that extreme flooding caused by intense monsoon rains led to the collapse of Liangzhu, an advanced ancient civilisation along the Yangtze River delta, around 4,300 years ago. Known as the “Venice of the Stone Age,” Liangzhu was one of the earliest highly-developed communities to base its infrastructure on water management systems.

Located about 160km southwest of Shanghai, Liangzhu boasted an intricate network of canals, dams, and reservoirs, supporting year-round agriculture. The city, recognised as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2019, showcased technological and cultural sophistication for its time, particularly in agriculture and aquaculture. However, despite its ingenuity, the civilisation abruptly declined, leaving its ruins abandoned.

Published in Science Advances, the research combined archaeological evidence with ancient climate data extracted from stalagmites in nearby caves. The findings indicate that the Liangzhu culture collapsed during a short but intense wet period between 4,345 and 4,324 years ago.

“These caves have provided precise insights into the climatic conditions at the time,” said Christoph Spötl, a co-author from the University of Innsbruck, Austria. Stalagmite samples revealed unusually high precipitation levels that likely caused severe flooding of the Yangtze River and its tributaries.

A thin clay layer found on the city’s ruins suggests that flooding from the Yangtze River or the East China Sea played a role in the civilisation’s downfall. The researchers found no evidence of human causes, such as conflict, for Liangzhu’s abandonment.

According to the study, the anomalous rainfall overwhelmed the city’s sophisticated water management systems, rendering them unable to protect against the massive floods. This led to the destruction of the city, forcing its inhabitants to flee and marking the end of the Liangzhu culture.

Daily cases decrease compared to last week as booster roll-out expands to younger age groups

The UK has reported 42,583 new Covid-19 cases and 35 deaths in the latest daily update. These figures show a drop compared to the same day last week, when 44,917 cases and 45 deaths were recorded.

Since the pandemic began, the total number of confirmed cases has risen to 10,189,059, while the death toll, counting those who passed away within 28 days of a positive Covid test, stands at 144,810.

Amid growing concerns over the Omicron variant, health authorities have recommended expanding booster vaccinations to all adults. On Sunday, 285,335 booster doses were administered, an increase from last Sunday’s 237,995. In total, approximately 17.9 million people in the UK have received a booster or third vaccine dose.

Additionally, 29,445 second doses were given, bringing the number of fully vaccinated individuals in Britain to 46,341,057.

The Omicron variant continues to spread, with 11 cases now confirmed in the UK, including two in London. Authorities anticipate identifying more cases in the coming days.

Parents accused of murder one month before reporting missing child plead not guilty; trial scheduled for January

A Hawaiian couple has entered pleas of not guilty to charges of murdering their 6-year-old adoptive daughter a month before reporting her missing.

The body of Isabella Kalua, also referred to by her birth name Ariel, remains unrecovered.

Isaac and Lehua Kalua were indicted by a grand jury on murder and related charges. During a brief court hearing on Monday, their attorneys, appointed by the court, entered the pleas on their behalf. The judge has scheduled the trial for January.

According to court records, Isabella’s older biological sister, also adopted by the Kaluas, reported to a detective that she saw Isabella unresponsive inside a dog cage, with duct tape covering her nose and mouth. Prosecutors allege that Lehua caused Isabella’s fatal injuries and failed to seek medical help, while Isaac faces a charge of “murder by omission” for neglecting to intervene or assist the child, said Honolulu Prosecuting Attorney Steve Alm.

A reward of $15,000 has been offered for information about Isabella’s disappearance or the discovery of her body, according to Honolulu Crimestoppers.

Outside the courtroom, the Kaluas’ attorneys, Donovan Odo and Jason Burks, declined to provide any comment.

How Leonard Bernstein’s iconic work soundtracked my coming-of-age experience

The unmistakable sound of a whistle was all it took to fill me with excitement. “Nothing’s even happened yet,” my friend remarked, confused by my beaming smile as we watched the teaser trailer for Steven Spielberg’s West Side Story. But I knew exactly what was coming.

On December 10, audiences worldwide will rediscover, or perhaps encounter for the first time, what I believe to be one of the greatest musicals ever created. When I first heard about Spielberg’s remake, I felt a sense of dread. “They’re going to ruin it,” I thought. Some productions, in my view, should remain untouched—West Side Story being one of them. Others on my list include Titanic, Grease, and The Wizard of Oz.

But West Side Story is different for me—it’s personal. I can pinpoint the exact moment it became a part of my soul. At 16, I was cast in a local production of the show, landing the role of one of the Puerto Rican girls, which seemed like a natural fit for me. Until then, I’d had only minor roles in community theatre, but this musical would change my life. It became my coming-of-age story, as I went from being a stranger to a passionate lover of Leonard Bernstein’s masterpiece.

Written by Arthur Laurents, the musical takes the timeless tale of Romeo and Juliet and places it in 1950s New York City. Amidst the rivalry of two gangs—the Sharks and the Jets—Tony and Maria fall in love, much to the dismay of their respective communities. The drama unfolds as both sides do everything in their power to keep the two apart.

My introduction to West Side Story was through its music. Few composers do it better than Bernstein and Stephen Sondheim. Even those who’ve never seen the musical can likely recite lyrics from at least one song, most notably “I Feel Pretty”. For me, however, the entire musical is ingrained in my memory. I can sing every song, every part, and I often do, much to the annoyance of my colleagues, flatmate, and unsuspecting passengers on the Tube.

One of my fondest memories is performing the show’s most iconic ensemble number, “America”. A lively and cheeky anthem led by Anita, the song is filled with high energy and wit. Our performance, though smaller in scale than the famous film version, was equally vibrant. The girls and I spent hours rehearsing together, creating bonds that made every performance feel like a celebration.

At its heart, West Side Story is about love, friendship, and the desire to belong—universal themes that resonate with people of all ages. When I watch the film, I’m reminded of my youth, of finding my place in the world, with Bernstein’s unforgettable soundtrack playing in the background.

I believe Spielberg’s new adaptation will resonate deeply with today’s generation. After several years away from directing, Spielberg’s return to the helm of this musical seems more than just a decision to remake a film—it’s the fulfilment of a lifelong promise he made at just 10 years old when he first heard the soundtrack.

When I saw the 2021 teaser in September, I was taken aback by how closely it mirrors the original. The stunning cinematography, coupled with the song Somewhere playing in the background, evoked the same sense of excitement and heartbreak as the 1961 classic. From what I’ve seen, Spielberg’s version promises to be a beautiful tribute to the original.

Sometimes I wonder if West Side Story is truly as great as I remember or if my emotional connection clouds my judgement. But perhaps that’s the point: it’s a musical that stirs emotions, that feels both familiar and nostalgic. Its themes—both timeless and timely—still resonate today.

Is it perfect? No, nothing is. There are moments I would change, but despite its flaws, West Side Story has stood the test of time. Here’s hoping Spielberg’s 2021 remake does the same.

Exploring the reasons behind the perilous journeys to Britain and the origins of those seeking refuge

The migrant crisis continues to escalate, with increasing numbers of individuals attempting to cross the Channel from France to the UK. Despite significant efforts from both the UK and French governments, including millions of pounds spent on measures and numerous arrests, thousands of people remain determined to reach Britain, often paying large sums for the perilous journey.

The number of small boat crossings has surged since late 2018, with over 24,000 people making the dangerous crossing in 2021, a significant rise from previous years. In 2020, 8,404 people crossed, while in 2019, the number stood at 16,000. Asylum applications in the UK reached 35,737 in 2019 but have since decreased slightly to 29,456, with more people now arriving by small boats rather than through traditional air routes.

Tragically, the crossing continues to claim lives. Since 1999, 292 people have died attempting to cross, with 34 fatalities recorded this year, including 27 who drowned after their dinghy capsized in November.

Where are these migrants coming from?
The individuals making these hazardous journeys come from various conflict zones around the world. Many are fleeing the aftermath of war and persecution in their home countries, including Syria, where the civil war has displaced millions; Afghanistan, where the return of the Taliban has caused widespread instability; and Yemen, ravaged by ongoing civil war and airstrikes.

Migrants also come from countries like Iran, where human rights abuses, particularly against Kurds and religious minorities, have led many to seek asylum, and from Iraq, where years of conflict and internal unrest, particularly in the Kurdish regions, have left many vulnerable.

Eritreans face harsh military conscription, lack of freedoms, and government oppression, while Sudanese migrants are escaping the civil war in Darfur and government repression. Meanwhile, Vietnam’s restrictive regime and economic limitations drive many to leave in search of better opportunities.

Why the UK?
Despite reaching safe countries like France, many migrants still risk the dangerous crossing to Britain. Some are drawn by family already settled in the UK, while others have a better grasp of the English language compared to other European languages. Refugees often seek to claim asylum in the first safe country they arrive in, but many claim their experiences in France have been less than welcoming, with authorities failing to provide adequate support.

While Germany and France received higher numbers of asylum seekers in 2020, with 122,015 and 93,475 applications respectively, the UK received 36,041, making it the fifth largest recipient of asylum requests that year.

The acclaimed composer behind Sweeney Todd, West Side Story, and Into the Woods leaves a legacy that redefined Broadway

Stephen Sondheim, the legendary musical theatre composer and lyricist, has died at the age of 91. Known for his groundbreaking works such as Sweeney Todd, Company, and West Side Story, Sondheim is considered one of the most influential figures in 20th-century musical theatre.

F. Richard Pappas, Sondheim’s lawyer and friend, confirmed the news, describing his death as “sudden”. The composer had spent the previous day celebrating Thanksgiving with friends in Roxbury, Connecticut.

Born in New York in 1930, Sondheim was mentored by the iconic composer Oscar Hammerstein and composed his first musical at just 15 years old. His breakthrough came at 27 with West Side Story, a modern retelling of Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet, set against the backdrop of 1950s New York.

With a career spanning over six decades, Sondheim’s contributions to musical theatre include classics like Gypsy and Into the Woods. He is credited with elevating the art form, which had often been seen as light entertainment, to a respected and sophisticated genre.

Throughout his career, Sondheim received numerous accolades, including nine Tony Awards, an Academy Award, eight Grammy Awards, and the Pulitzer Prize for Drama in 1985. He was also honoured with the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2015 by President Barack Obama.

Sondheim’s influence extended beyond the stage with several film adaptations of his work, including the 1961 Oscar-winning version of West Side Story. His ballad “Send in the Clowns” became a worldwide hit, recorded by artists such as Frank Sinatra and Judy Collins.

The news of Sondheim’s death comes just a month before Steven Spielberg’s highly anticipated adaptation of West Side Story is set to release in cinemas.

British theatre producer Cameron Mackintosh, best known for his work on Les Miserables and Mary Poppins, paid tribute, saying: “The world has lost one of its greatest and most original writers. But his legacy will live on through his legendary songs and shows, which will continue to be performed for generations to come.”

Sondheim’s work has left a lasting mark on the world of theatre, with tributes pouring in from stars such as Barbra Streisand, Andrew Lloyd Webber, Lin-Manuel Miranda, and Anna Kendrick.

In a final interview with The New York Times just days before his passing, Sondheim spoke about his health, stating, “Outside of my sprained ankle, I’m OK.” He also reflected on his enduring passion for his craft, saying, “What else am I going to do? I’m too old now to do a lot of traveling… What else would I do with my time but write?”

The cause of his death has not yet been disclosed.

Alcantara and Salah’s Stellar Performances Ensure Top Spot in Group B

Liverpool continued their impeccable Champions League campaign by defeating FC Porto 2-0 on Wednesday, maintaining their flawless record in Group B. Thiago Alcantara opened the scoring with a magnificent long-range effort in the 52nd minute, while Mohamed Salah added the second goal in the 70th minute, further solidifying Liverpool’s dominance.

Alcantara’s goal was a testament to his skill, as the Spanish midfielder unleashed a first-time strike from 30 yards out after intercepting a headed clearance. The shot remained low and nestled into the corner, showcasing his precision and vision on the field.

Salah’s contribution marked his 10th goal in his last 10 Champions League appearances and his 17th across all competitions this season. Displaying his trademark flair, Salah maneuvered into the penalty area from the right, dropped his shoulder, and fired a low shot past the near post, leaving the Porto goalkeeper with no chance.

With this victory, Liverpool has already secured their place in the last six of the Champions League, even before achieving their fifth consecutive win in the group stage. This accomplishment sets them up for a promising knockout phase, while Porto remains in second place, awaiting their crucial match against Atletico Madrid in two weeks to determine their advancement.

Looking ahead, Liverpool aims to complete a perfect run in the group stage—a historic achievement for an English club—when they face AC Milan in their final group match. Meanwhile, Porto’s upcoming game against Atletico Madrid, who also hold four points, will be pivotal in deciding the team that progresses alongside Liverpool.

Fans can stay updated with all the latest developments and live coverage through Standard Sport’s LIVE blog.

Panel recommends independent regulator and stronger fan involvement in football governance

A comprehensive fan-led review of football governance, chaired by former Sports Minister Tracey Crouch, has laid out 47 recommendations to ensure the future of English football is sustainable and equitable. The review follows extensive consultation, with over 100 hours of testimony from fans representing more than 130 clubs, alongside other stakeholders in the game.

One of the cornerstone recommendations is the establishment of an Independent Regulator for English Football (IREF) through an Act of Parliament. This body would oversee financial sustainability across the sport and protect clubs from predatory ownership and unsanctioned breakaway competitions like the attempted European Super League.

The proposals also advocate for a “solidarity transfer levy” on Premier League deals to support lower-tier clubs, greater consultation with fans via Shadow Boards, and the introduction of a Golden Share to safeguard clubs’ heritage.

Kevin Miles, CEO of the Football Supporters’ Association, hailed the review as a significant milestone. “This represents a real chance for meaningful change. The Government must now act decisively to implement these recommendations,” he said.

Julian Knight MP, chair of the Digital, Culture, Media and Sport Committee, echoed the sentiment. He called for swift action, urging the Government to bring forward legislation to establish a football regulator in the next Queen’s Speech. “We can no longer delay. This marks the beginning of a fairer, stronger future for football,” Knight stated.

The Premier League acknowledged the review, pledging to collaborate with stakeholders on governance reforms while ensuring the sport’s competitive integrity and investment levels remain intact.

The Football Association also voiced its support, committing to work closely with the Government to evaluate and implement the recommendations. A spokesperson highlighted progress already made in response to early findings of the review.

The Save Our Beautiful Game group, led by ex-FA chairman David Bernstein and supported by figures like Gary Neville, expressed delight at the proposal for an independent regulator. Their statement called for immediate legislative action, stating, “The burden now lies with Parliament to transform these recommendations into reality. Football deserves no less.”

While the Premier League refrained from commenting on the proposed transfer levy, it affirmed its commitment to exploring reforms. Meanwhile, equality and inclusion organisations, including Kick It Out and the Professional Footballers’ Association, are expected to provide their input on the recommendations.

This review represents a pivotal moment for English football, aiming to balance the sport’s commercial success with a renewed focus on transparency, accountability, and fan empowerment.

Johnson and Macron urge coordinated efforts to combat human trafficking after 31 migrants drown

A devastating tragedy unfolded off the French coast when a migrant boat capsized, resulting in the loss of 31 lives, including five women and a young girl. The incident has reignited urgent discussions between the UK and France over measures to tackle the perilous crossings in the English Channel.

Prime Minister Boris Johnson described the situation as “shocking and deeply saddening,” acknowledging that existing efforts to curb such crossings have fallen short. Johnson urged France to intensify its actions, emphasising the need to dismantle the human trafficking networks profiting from dangerous and deadly journeys.

French President Emmanuel Macron echoed these sentiments, convening an emergency meeting with European ministers. He declared, “France will not allow the Channel to become a cemetery,” highlighting the necessity of a unified European response.

French Interior Minister Gérald Darmanin, addressing the media in Calais, revealed that the victims had been travelling in a fragile, inflatable boat. He confirmed that 34 people were on board—31 bodies have been recovered, two survivors rescued, and one person remains missing. A fishing boat initially raised the alarm, sparking a joint Franco-British rescue operation that concluded late on Wednesday.

Darmanin announced the arrest of four suspected traffickers, with two already facing court proceedings. He underscored the importance of international collaboration, stating, “This issue requires Belgium, Germany, Holland, the UK, and others to unite. We must fight traffickers as relentlessly as we combat terrorism.”

Downing Street reported a call between Johnson and Macron, where both leaders agreed on the urgency of coordinated actions, leaving “all options on the table” to address the crisis. Johnson proposed enhancing UK support for patrols and operational assistance on French beaches but pointed out persistent challenges in aligning approaches.

While France has outlined additional support needs in communications with Home Secretary Priti Patel, legislative differences between the nations have occasionally hampered cooperation. Nevertheless, Darmanin expressed a willingness to work closely with the UK, acknowledging the need for stronger partnerships to prevent further tragedies.

The incident underscores the human cost of inadequate international strategies to manage migration and dismantle trafficking networks. As discussions continue, both leaders emphasise that lives depend on decisive and collaborative action.

Roman’s alliance with a controversial figure ignites debates about influence and morality

In Succession’s sixth episode, the Roy family navigates a high-stakes political retreat, underscoring their immense influence over the fictional political landscape of America. The episode critiques the unchecked power of billionaire media moguls while showcasing the internal dynamics and moral quandaries within the Roy dynasty.

Roman Roy finds himself drawn to Jared Mencken, a provocative right-wing figure with inflammatory rhetoric. Despite Mencken’s controversial views, including his slick promotion of aristo-populism and divisive ideologies, Roman’s desperation for approval from his father, Logan, leads him to champion Mencken as a potential presidential candidate. Meanwhile, Logan remains focused on consolidating his power, advocating for anti-tech policies and eyeing a “steady old plough-horse” candidate who aligns with his traditionalist views.

The episode also delves into the clash of old and new, with Logan’s anti-tech stance clashing with Roman’s digital savviness. Roman’s emotional turmoil escalates upon discovering his mother’s impending remarriage, pushing him to seek validation in his political manoeuvring. However, his actions highlight his underlying dependence on Logan’s approval, a theme hilariously juxtaposed against Connor Roy’s dismissed presidential aspirations.

The comedic interplay between Tom and Greg offers a lighter counterpoint. Their diner meeting, ostensibly to prepare for prison life, veers into absurdity as Greg worries about his height making him a target in jail. Tom’s new moniker, “The Christmas Tree,” adds to the humour, representing his willingness to bear the burden of others’ misdemeanours at Waystar Royco.

The episode’s sharp dialogue and character interactions capture the show’s unique blend of dark humour and cutting social commentary. Roman’s edgy banter with Mencken, Shiv’s horror at the implications of Mencken’s potential candidacy, and Tom’s cynical pragmatism reflect the deep entanglement of personal ambition and systemic corruption.

Ultimately, Succession continues to expose the toxic interplay between wealth, power, and morality, leaving viewers questioning the ethical cost of unchecked influence in media and politics.